B

POST MORTEM OF  COP21

I.             SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINTS PREVENTING THE COMMITMENT TO URGENCY

IN COP21 IN THE PREAMBLE IS THE “RECOGNITION THAT CLIMATE CHANGE REPRESENTS AN URGENT AND POTENTIALLY IRREVERSIBLE THREAT TO HUMAN SOCIETY AND THE PLANET”

YET  WAS THE URGENCY ADDRESSED IN COP21?

I AM GOING  TO TALK ABOUT THE FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINTS  THAT PREVENTED COP21 FROM ADDRESSING THE URGENCY OF CLIMATE CHANGE ;

1.THE BEST IS THE ENEMY OF THE GOOD- THE COMPROMISERS CREDOAND

2. SOME STATES ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS.

3. -EXPEDIENT OMISSION; GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET. HISTORICAL  AND PER CAPITA EMISSIONS

4. THE SHORTNESS OF INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY AND THE UNDERMINING OF LEGAL OBLIGATIONS FROM ARTICLE 2 3 AND 4

5. A SOLUTION SHOULD NEVER BE EQUALLY BAD OR WORSE THAN THE PROBLEM IT IS INTENDED TO SOLVE

6. THE LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR; THE  TYRANNY OF CONSENSUS6.

AND CONCLUDE WITH  A WAY TO OVERCOME THESE CONSTRAINTS

FIRST SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

THE BEST IS THE ENEMY OF THE GOOD

AT COP21 BAN KI-MOON URGED STATES TO NEGOTIATE WITH A GLOBAL VISION NOT FROM SPECIFIC NATIONAL INTERESTS”

WHAT COP21 SHOULD HAVE BEEN WAS A NEW GLOBAL VISION WTIH LEGALLY BINDING ACTIONS TO FINALLY IMPLEMENT THE BINDING COMMITMENTS AND ADHERE TO THE PRINCIPLES  IN THE LEGALLY BINDING 1992 UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE UNFCCC

ALL THE WAY THROUGH THE NEGOTIATIONS, GOVERNMENTS WERE TALKING ABOUT THEIR REDLINES: I.E. WE WILL NOT AGREE TO A DOCUMENT IF X IS IN THE TEXT OR IF X IS NOT IN THE TEXT.

GLOBAL VISION WOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN THAT  THE STATES HAD FAILED TO RETURN TO 1990 LEVELS BY THE END OF THE CENTURY IN 2000.. IF ONLY THEY HAD RETURNED TO 1990 LEVELS BY 2000 THEN NOW IN 2015, GIVEN THE URGENCY AND THE LOST TIME  IN 2015  THEY MUST MAKE EVEN STRONGER COMMITMENTS; 

 REAL COMMITMENTS WOULD BE TIME LINES AND TARGETS IN LINE WITH EXISTING AND EMERGING SCIENCE SUCH  AS 15% BELOW 1990 BY 2016, 20% BELOW 1990 BY 2017, 30% BELOW 1990 LEVELS BY 2018, 50% BELOW 1990 LEVELS BY 2020, 65 % BELOW 1990 LEVELS BY 2025, 75% BELOW 1990 LEVELS BY 2040 AND 100% BELOW 1990 EMISSIONS BY 2050,  DECARBONIZATION WITH 100% ECOLOGICALLY SOUND RENEWABLE ENERGY,  

SECOND SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

SOME STATES ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHER

FROM COP15/16 TO COP21 THE SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

SOME STATES ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS WAS EVIDENT

ALLTHREE COPS  DISCOUNTED THE EVIDENCE OF THE SCIENTIST AND IGNORED THE PLEAS OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

THE DEVELOPED STATES' NEGOTIATORS WERE RELYING ON THE 2007 INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT WITH DATA FROM 2004 AND 2005, BUT THE DEVELOPING STATES WERE DRIVEN BY NEW AND EVOLVING SCIENTIFIC DATA. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AT COP 15 REVEALED NEW DATA;

THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION REPORTED MORE RAPID GLOBAL WARMING, MORE  DROUGHT, AND MORE FREQUENT AND SEVERE CLIMATE RELATED INCIDENTS, AND THAT GLACIERS ARE MELTING FASTER THAN PREDICTED IN 2007 IPCC REPORT. THE UN HIGH COMMISSION ON REFUGEES NOTED THAT THE WORLD ALREADY HAD MILLIONS MORE REFUGEES THAN EXPECTED, BECAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE.

 AT AN IPCC PRESS CONFERENCE  A SCIENTIST FROM THE IPCC WARNED  THAT AT A 2 DEGREE RISE IN TEMPERATURE, THE POOR, THE VULNERABLE, AND THE DISENFRANCHISED WOULD NOT SURVIVE, AT A 1.5 DEGREE RISE, THEY MIGHT

THIRD SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

;EXPEDIENT OMISSION CARBON BUDGET

APART FROM LONG LIST OF WHAT THEY ARE GOING TO DO WITHOUT BEING COMPELLED TO DO ANYTHING. THERE WERE SEVERAL EXPEDIENT OMISSIONS IN THE FINal DOCUMENT, FIRST THERE WAS NO MENTION OF FOSSIL FUELS- INCLUDING OIL, COAL OR GAS, HISTORICAL OR PERCAPITA EMISSIONS AND ABOVVE ALL THERE WAS NO MENTION OF THE CARBON BUDGET AND FAIR SHARES OF

THE CARBON BUDGET AT THE PRESS CONFERENCEHE TOTAL CARBON BUDGET WAS A BIG ISSUE WItH SCIENISTS AND NGOS 

TOTAL CARBON BUDGET IS ESTIMATED AT  2900 GIGATONS   FROM PRE-INDUSTRIAL TIME IN ORDER TO KEEP BELOW 2 DEGREES

AND THAT IN 2011 1900 GIGATONS OF CO2 HAD BEEN USED  UPTHUS ABOUT 1000 GIGATONS REMAINS 

AT THE CURRENT RATE OF 35.7 GT PER YEAR, IN 2015 THERE WOULD ONLY REMAIN AROUND 860 GT

IPCC – ESTIMATES THE TOTAL REMAINING EMISSIONS FROM 2014/2015 TO KEEP GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE BELOW 2°C (900/ 860GTCO2 ) WILL BE USED IN AROUND 20 YEARS AT CURRENT EMISSION RATES

http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/15/files/GCP_budget_2015_v1.pdf

THE EMISSION PLEDGES FROM THE US, EU, CHINA, AND INDIA LEAVE LITTLE ROOM FOR OTHER COUNTRIES TO EMIT IN A 2°C EMISSION BUDGET (66% CHANCE) OF THE 35 GIGA TONS

UNEP  INDICATED THAT IN 2045 ALL THE GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET WOULD BE USED UP 

IF THE CURRENT ANNUAL  RATE CONTINUES OF 35.7-40 GIGA TONSTHE BUDGET NOT BE USED UP MORE LIKELY BY 2037

WILL BE USED UP IN 20 YEARS  2 DEGREE SCENARIO

WILL BE USED UP IN 6 YEARS  1.5 DEGREES

THIS IS FRIGHTENING AND EQUALLY FRIGHTENING IS THAT IS WAS IGNORED IN THE AGREEMENT.

THIS EVIDENCE IS SIGNIFICANT  FOR THE STRESS THE URGENCY OF HAVING LEGALLY BINDING INTERNATIONALLY DETERMINED MITIGATION COMMITMENTS.

3 Accepting the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios provide us with a global carbon budget that will be consumed in 10–20 years at current emissions levels, 4 and entail very significant levels of risk.

FOURTH SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT;.

SHORTNESS OF INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY

COP21 SUFFERED FROM THE SHIFTING BASELINE SYNDROME

Cop21 NEEDED TO ADVOCATED STRONGER ACTIONS  THAN WERE PROPOSED IN THE UNFCCC WAS IN 1992.

UNFCCC PREAMBLE; HISTORIC EMISSIONS

IS THE FOLLOWING:

NOTING THAT THE LARGEST SHARE OF HISTORICAL AND CURRENT GLOBAL EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES HAS ORIGINATED IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, THAT PER CAPITA EMISSIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE STILL RELATIVELY LOW AND THAT THE SHARE OF GLOBAL EMISSIONS ORIGINATING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WILL GROW TO MEET THEIR SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS,

IN COP21

REFERENCES TO HISTORICL EMISSIONS 0

PER CAPITA 0

DECARBONIZATION BY 2050 IN EARLY VERSIONS COP 21 NOW

PARTIES, AND TO UNDERTAKE RAPID REDUCTIONS THEREAFTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH BEST AVAILABLE SCIENCE, SO AS TO ACHIEVE A BALANCE BETWEEN ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REMOVALS BY SINKS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THIS CENTURY, ON THE BASIS OF EQUITY, AND IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND EFFORTS TO ERADICATE POVERTY

COP21 SUFFERED FROM THE SHIFTING BASELINE SYNDROME

BAN KI-MOON URGED NEGOTIATORS TO NEGOTIATE WITH A GLOBAL VISION;.

A GLOBAL VISION IS NOT JUST RECALLING (AS WAS DONE IN COP21) BUT ABIDING BY ARTICLES 2 3 AND 4 IN THE LEGALLY BINDING UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC)

UNFCCCOBJECTIVE ARTICLE 2

UNFCCC

ARTICLE 2 OBJECTIVE THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF THIS CONVENTION AND ANY RELATED LEGAL INSTRUMENTS THAT THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES MAY ADOPT IS TO ACHIEVE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE CONVENTION, STABILIZATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AT A LEVEL THAT WOULD PREVENT DANGEROUS ANTHROPOGENIC INTERFERENCE WITH THE CLIMATE SYSTEM. SUCH A LEVEL SHOULD BE ACHIEVED WITHIN A TIME-FRAME SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW ECOSYSTEMS TO ADAPT NATURALLY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, TO ENSURE THAT FOOD PRODUCTION IS NOT THREATENED AND TO ENABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TO PROCEED IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER.

COP21

2AHOLDING THE INCREASE IN THE GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE TO WELL BELOW 2 °C ABOVE PRE-INDUSTRIAL LEVELS AND TO PURSUE EFFORTS TO LIMIT THE TEMPERATURE INCREASE TO 1.5 °C ABOVE PRE-INDUSTRIAL LEVELS, RECOGNIZING THAT THIS WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE RISKS AND IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;

BUT AT 1 DEGREE RISE IN TEMPERATURE THERE IS ALREADY  DE-STABILIZATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AT A LEVEL THAT IS CAUSING DANGEROUS ANTHROPOGENIC INTERFERENCE WITH THE CLIMATE SYSTEM.

stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

a global vision  would be to address article 2 would be at a minimum to immediately end all subsidies for fossil fuel, to calculate the carbon budget for each state, to enforce fair  share of the carbon budget,   to divest in fossil fuels and to reinvest in renewable energy, to commit to decarbonisation by 2050,to conserve sinks (not  just as a means to offset emissions), to avoid all false solutions such as nuclear, geo-engineering and biofuels which would all violate principles within the unfccc and to compensate for historical  emissions.

UNFCCC ARTICLE 3 PRINCIPLES

 IN THEIR ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION AND TO IMPLEMENT ITS PROVISIONS, THE PARTIES SHALL BE GUIDED, INTER ALIA, BY THE FOLLOWING:

 .UNFCCC  3.1. THE PARTIES SHOULD PROTECT THE CLIMATE SYSTEM FOR THE BENEFIT OF PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS OF HUMANKIND, ON THETBASIS OF EQUITY AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES AND RESPECTIVE CAPABILITIES. ACCORDINGLY, THE DEVELOPED COUNTRY PARTIES SHOULD TAKE THE LEAD IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ADVERSE EFFECTS THEREOF.

.UNFCCC

A GLOBAL VISION WOULD HAVE BEEN TO REPECT THE COMMITMENTS UNDER ARTICLE 4 IN UNFCCC

UNFCCC ARTICLE 4 COMMITMENTS

1. ALL PARTIES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES AND THEIR SPECIFIC NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES, OBJECTIVES AND CIRCUMSTANCES, SHALL:

 (A) DEVELOP, PERIODICALLY UPDATE, PUBLISH AND MAKE AVAILABLE TO THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 12, NATIONAL INVENTORIES OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REMOVALS BY SINKS OF ALL GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL, USING COMPARABLE METHODOLOGIES TO BE AGREED UPON BY THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES;

 (B) FORMULATE, IMPLEMENT, PUBLISH AND REGULARLY UPDATE NATIONAL AND, WHERE APPROPRIATE, REGIONAL PROGRAMMES CONTAINING MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE BY ADDRESSING ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REMOVALS BY SINKS OF ALL GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL, AND MEASURES TO FACILITATE ADEQUATE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE;

 (C) PROMOTE AND COOPERATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT, APPLICATION AND DIFFUSION, INCLUDING TRANSFER, OF TECHNOLOGIES, PRACTICES AND PROCESSES THAT CONTROL, REDUCE OR PREVENT ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL IN ALL RELEVANT SECTORS, INCLUDING THE ENERGY, TRANSPORT, INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTORS;

(D) PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, AND PROMOTE AND COOPERATE IN THE CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT, AS APPROPRIATE, OF SINKS AND RESERVOIRS OF ALL 11 GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL, INCLUDING BIOMASS, FORESTS AND OCEANS AS WELL AS OTHER TERRESTRIAL, COASTAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS;

 (E) COOPERATE IN PREPARING FOR ADAPTATION TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; DEVELOP AND ELABORATE APPROPRIATE AND INTEGRATED PLANS FOR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE, AND FOR THE PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION OF AREAS, PARTICULARLY IN AFRICA, AFFECTED BY DROUGHT AND DESERTIFICATION, AS WELL AS FLOODS;

(F) TAKE CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS INTO ACCOUNT, TO THE EXTENT FEASIBLE, IN THEIR RELEVANT SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND ACTIONS, AND EMPLOY APPROPRIATE METHODS, FOR EXAMPLE IMPACT ASSESSMENTS, FORMULATED AND DETERMINED NATIONALLY, WITH A VIEW TO MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY, ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND ON THE QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, OF PROJECTS OR MEASURES UNDERTAKEN BY THEM TO MITIGATE OR ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE;

(G) PROMOTE AND COOPERATE IN SCIENTIFIC, TECHNOLOGICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND OTHER RESEARCH, SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DATA ARCHIVES RELATED TO THE CLIMATE SYSTEM AND INTENDED TO FURTHER THE UNDERSTANDING AND TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE REMAINING UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, MAGNITUDE AND TIMING OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF VARIOUS RESPONSE STRATEGIES;

(H) PROMOTE AND COOPERATE IN THE FULL, OPEN AND PROMPT EXCHANGE OF RELEVANT SCIENTIFIC, TECHNOLOGICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LEGAL INFORMATION RELATED TO THE CLIMATE SYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE, AND TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF VARIOUS RESPONSE STRATEGIES;

 (I) PROMOTE AND COOPERATE IN EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENCOURAGE THE WIDEST PARTICIPATION IN THIS PROCESS, INCLUDING THAT OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS; AND

 (J) COMMUNICATE TO THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES INFORMATION RELATED TO IMPLEMENTATION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 12.

UNFCCC ARTICLE 4 2. THE DEVELOPED COUNTRY PARTIES AND OTHER PARTIES INCLUDED IN ANNEX I COMMIT THEMSELVES SPECIFICALLY AS PROVIDED FOR IN THE FOLLOWING: 12 (

UNFCCC 4.2(A) EACH OF THESE PARTIES SHALL ADOPT NATIONAL1 POLICIES AND TAKE CORRESPONDING MEASURES ON THE MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE, BY LIMITING ITS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES AND PROTECTING AND ENHANCING ITS GREENHOUSE GAS SINKS AND RESERVOIRS. THESE POLICIES AND MEASURES WILL DEMONSTRATE THAT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE TAKING THE LEAD IN MODIFYING LONGER-TERM TRENDS IN ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS CONSISTENT WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION, RECOGNIZING THAT THE RETURN BY THE END OF THE PRESENT DECADE TO EARLIER LEVELS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH MODIFICATION, AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIFFERENCES IN THESE PARTIES' STARTING POINTS AND APPROACHES, ECONOMIC STRUCTURES AND RESOURCE BASES, THE NEED TO MAINTAIN STRONG AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND OTHER INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTANCES, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR EQUITABLE AND APPROPRIATE CONTRIBUTIONS BY EACH OF THESE PARTIES TO THE GLOBAL EFFORT REGARDING THAT OBJECTIVE. THESE PARTIES MAY IMPLEMENT SUCH POLICIES AND MEASURES JOINTLY WITH OTHER PARTIES AND MAY ASSIST OTHER PARTIES IN CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION AND, IN PARTICULAR, THAT OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH;

UNFCCC 4.2 (B) IN ORDER TO PROMOTE PROGRESS TO THIS END, EACH OF THESE PARTIES SHALL COMMUNICATE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS OF THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CONVENTION FOR IT AND PERIODICALLY THEREAFTER, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 12, DETAILED INFORMATION ON ITS POLICIES AND MEASURES REFERRED TO IN SUBPARAGRAPH (A) ABOVE, AS WELL AS ON ITS RESULTING PROJECTED ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REMOVALS BY SINKS OF GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL FOR THE PERIOD REFERRED TO IN SUBPARAGRAPH (A), WITH THE AIM OF RETURNING INDIVIDUALLY OR JOINTLY TO THEIR 1990 LEVELS THESE ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL. THIS INFORMATION WILL BE REVIEWED BY THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, AT ITS FIRST SESSION AND PERIODICALLY THEREAFTER, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 7;

 IN 1990 AVERAGE CO2 LEVELS (CONCENTRATIONS) IN THE ATMOSPHERE WERE 320 PPM, THAT THE GLOBAL RISE IN TEMPERATURE FROM 1850-1990 WAS 0.78 DEGREES C AND THAT THE ANNUAL EMISSIONS OF CO2 IN 1990 AND 2015 WERE 22 AND 39 GIGATONNES RESPECTIVELY

NOTE IN 1992 THERE WAS NO DISCUSSION ABOUT OFFSETS  ETC. 

 SO  IF OFFSETS ETC WHAT PERCENTAGE REDUCTION  BELOW 1990 LEVELS WOULD THE CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE TO BE TO REVERSE THE TEMPERATURE TO ..78 C

UNFCCC 4.2 (C) CALCULATIONS OF EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REMOVALS BY SINKS OF GREENHOUSE GASES FOR THE PURPOSES OF SUBPARAGRAPH (B) ABOVE SHOULD TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE BEST AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, INCLUDING OF THE EFFECTIVE CAPACITY OF SINKS AND THE RESPECTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUCH GASES TO CLIMATE CHANGE. THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES SHALL CONSIDER AND AGREE 1 THIS INCLUDES POLICIES AND MEASURES ADOPTED BY REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ORGANIZATIONS. 13 ON METHODOLOGIES FOR THESE CALCULATIONS AT ITS FIRST SESSION AND REVIEW THEM REGULARLY THEREAFTER;

UNFCCC 4.2 (D) THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES SHALL, AT ITS FIRST SESSION, REVIEW THE ADEQUACY OF SUBPARAGRAPHS (A) AND (B) ABOVE. SUCH REVIEW SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN THE LIGHT OF THE BEST AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS, AS WELL AS RELEVANT TECHNICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INFORMATION. BASED ON THIS REVIEW, THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES SHALL TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION, WHICH MAY INCLUDE THE ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO THE COMMITMENTS IN SUBPARAGRAPHS (A) AND (B) ABOVE. THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, AT ITS FIRST SESSION, SHALL ALSO TAKE DECISIONS REGARDING CRITERIA FOR JOINT IMPLEMENTATION AS INDICATED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (A) ABOVE. A SECOND REVIEW OF SUBPARAGRAPHS (A) AND (B) SHALL TAKE PLACE NOT LATER THAN 31 DECEMBER 1998, AND THEREAFTER AT REGULAR INTERVALS DETERMINED BY THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, UNTIL THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION IS MET;

UNFCCC 4.2 (E) EACH OF THESE PARTIES SHALL : (I) COORDINATE AS APPROPRIATE WITH OTHER SUCH PARTIES, RELEVANT ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS DEVELOPED TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION; AND

(II) IDENTIFY AND PERIODICALLY REVIEW ITS OWN POLICIES AND PRACTICES WHICH ENCOURAGE ACTIVITIES THAT LEAD TO GREATER LEVELS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES NOT CONTROLLED BY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL THAN WOULD OTHERWISE OCCUR;

UNFCCC 4.2(F) THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES SHALL REVIEW, NOT LATER THAN 31 DECEMBER 1998, AVAILABLE INFORMATION WITH A VIEW TO TAKING DECISIONS REGARDING SUCH AMENDMENTS TO THE LISTS IN ANNEXES I AND II AS MAY BE APPROPRIATE, WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE PARTY CONCERNED;

UNFCCC 4.2 (G) ANY PARTY NOT INCLUDED IN ANNEX I MAY, IN ITS INSTRUMENT OF RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION, OR AT ANY TIME THEREAFTER, NOTIFY THE DEPOSITARY THAT IT INTENDS TO BE BOUND BY SUBPARAGRAPHS (A) AND (B) ABOVE. THE DEPOSITARY SHALL INFORM THE OTHER SIGNATORIES AND PARTIES OF ANY SUCH NOTIFICATION.

UNFCCC 4.3. THE DEVELOPED COUNTRY PARTIES AND OTHER DEVELOPED PARTIES INCLUDED IN ANNEX II SHALL PROVIDE NEW AND ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO MEET THE AGREED FULL COSTS INCURRED BY 14 DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTIES IN COMPLYING WITH THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER ARTICLE 12, PARAGRAPH 1. THEY SHALL ALSO PROVIDE SUCH FINANCIAL RESOURCES, INCLUDING FOR THE TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY, NEEDED BY THE DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTIES TO MEET THE AGREED FULL INCREMENTAL COSTS OF IMPLEMENTING MEASURES THAT ARE COVERED BY PARAGRAPH 1 OF THIS ARTICLE AND THAT ARE AGREED BETWEEN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTY AND THE INTERNATIONAL ENTITY OR ENTITIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 11, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THAT ARTICLE. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE COMMITMENTS SHALL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE NEED FOR ADEQUACY AND PREDICTABILITY IN THE FLOW OF FUNDS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF APPROPRIATE BURDEN SHARING AMONG THE DEVELOPED COUNTRY PARTIES.

 UNFCCC 4.4.  THE DEVELOPED COUNTRY PARTIES AND OTHER DEVELOPED PARTIES INCLUDED IN ANNEX II SHALL ALSO ASSIST THE DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTIES THAT ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN MEETING COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO THOSE ADVERSE EFFECTS.

FIFTH SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

A SOLUTION SHOULD NEVER BE EQUALLY BAD OR WORSE THAN THE PROBLEM IT IS INTENDED TO SOLVE

NOTE ; THAT BILL GATES IS WORKING WITT OTHER BILLIONAIRES ON GEO ENGINEERING AND A NEW FORM OF NUCLEAR

BIOFUEL AND LAD GRA

SIXTH SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINT

THE LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR THE TYRANNY OF CONSENSUS

A GLOBAL VISION WOULD HAVE BEEN THE STRIVING FOR CONSENSUS WITH FALBACK 75 % ESPECIALLYWITHIN EACH ARTICLE

AT COP21UNTIL THE LAST VERSIONS ARTICLE 22; ALLOWED FOR FALLBACK

ARTICLE 22 (VOTING)

1. EACH PARTY SHALL HAVE ONE VOTE,

3. WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH 3 OF ARTICLE 15 OF THE CONVENTION, THE PARTIES SHALL MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO REACH AGREEMENT ON ALL MATTERS BY CONSENSUS. IF SUCH EFFORTS TO REACH CONSENSUS HAVE BEEN EXHAUSTED AND NO AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED, A DECISION SHALL, AS A LAST RESORT, BE ADOPTED BY A THREE-FOURTHS MAJORITY VOTE OF THE PARTIES PRESENT AND VOTING.

4. FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE, 'PARTIES PRESENT AND VOTING' MEANS PARTIES PRESENT AND CASTING AN AFFIRMATIVE OR NEGATIVE VOTE.]

IN A PRESS CONFERENCE OF THE UNFCCC SECRETARIAT I SUGGESTED THAT TO AVOID DESCEINDING TO THE LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR. |PERHAPS PRINCIPLE 22 COULD APPLY TO EACH ARTICLE. IF THER WERE A FALLBACK TO 75% IN ARTICLE 2  OVER 80 PERCENT OF THE STATES WOULD HAVE AGREED TO KEEP THE TEMPERATURE BELOW 1.5 AND TO HAVE LEGALLY BINDING MITIGATION COMMITMENTS FOR THE MAJOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMITTERS.

C.

CANADA SHOULD ACT ON FULFILLING SDG 13 AND BAN KI MOON’S CALL FOR

NEGOTIATING WITH A GLOBAL VISION

There is a moral imperative for Canada to act with a global vision and with urgency

Canada adopted the SDGS In September 2015

SDG Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impact

Given that Canada has the greatest per capita greenhouse gas emissions, there is a moral imperative to embrace its global responsibity and proceed with a global vision not a fossil fuel vision.

At Cop 21, Ban ki-Moon urged states to negotiate with a "global vision" not with national vested interests. (A paraphrase of his statement at a COP21press conference)

There is an unclear relationship between the UNFCCC and what came out of Paris. Unless the voluntary contributions become revised and firm commitments, made to address the global carbon budget and to keep well below 1.5 degrees, the Paris Agreement will undermine Article 2 of the UNFCCC, (stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic with the  climate system)

A global vision  to implement article 2 would be, at a minimum, to immediately end all subsidies for fossil fuel, (no tar sands, no pipelines and no tankers) to divest in fossil fuels, and reinvest in socially equitable and environmentally sound renewable energy, to not use “transition” to justify reinvestment  in the continuation of the fossil fuel industry, to calculate the carbon budget for each province, to enforce fair  share of the carbon budget, 

To commit  to 25% reduction of GHGs emissions below 1990 levels by 2020, 35% below 1990 by 2025, 50% below 1990 by 2030, 60 % below 1990 by 2035. 75%below1990 by 2040 to 100 % below 1990 by 2050 to decarbonisation by 2050, and 100% socially equitable and environmentally sound renewables.

To compensate for historical  emissions which have impacted vulnerable states, to avoid all false solutions such as nuclear, geo-engineering and biofuels which would all violate principles within the UNFCCC,  

to  end the exemption of the contribution of militarism to greenhouse gas emissions, and finally to implement the following 1992 commitment ”to reallocate resources at present committed to military purposes (Article 16e,Chapter 33, Agenda 21, UNCED). The funds should

be transferred to implementing the above

To institute fair and just transition for workers and communities  affected by the above.